| |
 |
Practices
(Patipatti)
The
Sixteen Yanas |
| |
| 16.
Paccavekkhana-nana (Knowledge
of Consideration, Reflection) |
| |
| In
this yana the practitioner considers
five things realized in the previous yana: |
1. |
Magga-nana
(Path Knowledge, 14th yana) |
2. |
Phala-nana (Fruition
Knowledge, 15th yana) |
3. |
Nibbana |
4. |
Kilesa that has been
abandoned |
5. |
Kilesa still existing |
|
| This
yana derives from Phala-nana
(15th), and is back on the mundane plane again (lokiya).
Since nibbana is no longer the
object we return to a mundane citta. |
| One
who realizes this yana in any
of the first three stages of attainment (Sotapanna,
Sakadagami,
Anagami) is called Sakha-puggala,
or “holy one who is a learner”. In this yana
(16th) the arahant considers
only four of the above items – since the arahant
has no kilesa. Not all sakkha-puggala’s
who reach this stage consider all of the above items. Some,
with strong wisdom, consider only the first three – and do
not cogitate kilesa at all. |
| The
wisdom of this yana is different
from the 14th and 15th, where nibbana
is the object in the present moment. The yogi
is merely reflecting, and is not in the present moment. The
previous yana can be compared
to tasting salt, while this yana
would be like considering what the salt tasted like. Therefore,
this yana is not lokkutura-citta,
but is lokiya-citta. Even thought
this is a mundane wisdom, the Seven Purities classifies it
as Nana-dassana-visuddhi (Purity
of Knowledge and Vision), which is also the classification
that the supramundane yana (14th
and 15th) are under. This is because this yana
derives from the 14th and 15th. |
| Notes: |
|
|
1) |
In the first attainment, the 13th yana
is called Gottarabhu-nana because
the yogi changes from puthujjana
to ariyapuggula, but in the succeeding
attainment (Sakadagami etc) the
yana is called Vodana-nana
because, in this case, the attainer is already Ariya.
But the path of consciousness (vithicitta)
is the same for each attainment. |
2) |
Yanas one to twelve are
lokiya (mundane); the 13th is transitional: part lokiya
and part lokkutura (supramundane);
the 14th and 15th are real lokkutura
while the 16th is back again to mundane. |
3) |
| There are ten fetters that bind one to rebirth.
They are: |
| |
1. Wrong view of self |
| |
2. Doubt about the Buddha’s teaching |
| |
3. Adherence to rites and rituals |
| |
4. Sensual desire |
| |
5. Hatred |
| |
6. Desire for fine material existence (rupa-loka) |
| |
7. Desire for immaterial existence (arupa-loka) |
| |
8. Pride |
| |
9. Restlessness |
| |
10. Ignorance |
| |
a)
|
Stream-Winner (Sotapanna):
the first three fetters are destroyed.
Stream-Winner is one who enters the stream leading
to nibbana. He
can return to this life not more than seven times.
He is assured of not
being born in any of the lower states of woe: a)
hell b) animal state
c) hungry ghost d)demon
|
b) |
Once-Returner (Sakadagami):
4th and 5th fetters are weakened. He
can return to this life (sensual world) only one
more time. (Sensual
world is human and heavens.)
|
c) |
Non-Returner (Anagami):
4th and 5th fetters are destroyed. He will
not be reborn in the sensual world.
|
d)
|
Fully Enlightened (Arahatta):
last 5 fetters are destroyed. He can never be reborn
again in any world |
|
| |
|
4) |
Seven Purities: the first yana
(nama-rupa-parichedanana) is purity
of view (ditthi-visuddhi) in the
Seven Purities (see Figure 3-1). The second yana
(paccaya-parigaha-nana), in the
Seven Purities, is purity of transcending doubt (kankha-vitarana-visuddhi).
Yanas 3-4 are knowledge and vision
regarding path and not path (magga-magga-nana-dassana-visuddhi).
Yanas 4-13 are purity of knowledge
and vision of the way of progress (patipadana
dassanaviduddhi). Yanas
14-16 are purity of knowledge and vision (nana-dassana-visuddhi). |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|